tabellen:gueltigkeit
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+ | ====== Gültigkeitszeiträume ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Die Helligkeiten und die Rotationselemente werden von der [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Rotationselemente ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Gültigkeit bis 2006: ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Laut [[: | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{tablelayout? | ||
+ | ^ Tabelle 1: Rotationselemente | ||
+ | ^ Planet | ||
+ | | Sonne: | ||
+ | | Merkur: | ||
+ | | Venus: | ||
+ | | Mars: | $+317\overset{\circ}{.}681$ | ||
+ | | Jupiter: | ||
+ | | Saturn: | ||
+ | | Uranus: | ||
+ | | Neptun: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {{tablelayout? | ||
+ | ^ Tabelle 2: Nullmeridiane | ||
+ | ^ Planet | ||
+ | | Sonne: | ||
+ | | Merkur: | ||
+ | | Venus: | ||
+ | | Mars: | ||
+ | | Jupiter: | ||
+ | | | System II: | $43\overset{\circ}{.}30$ | ||
+ | | | System III: | $284\overset{\circ}{.}95$ | ||
+ | | Saturn: | ||
+ | | | System II: | $105\overset{\circ}{.}4857$ | ||
+ | | | System III: | $38\overset{\circ}{.}90$ | ||
+ | | Uranus: | ||
+ | | Neptun: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Gültigkeit von 2006 bis 2009: ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Laut [[: | ||
+ | {{tablelayout? | ||
+ | ^ Tabelle 3: Rotationselemente | ||
+ | ^ Planet | ||
+ | | Sonne: | ||
+ | | Merkur: | ||
+ | | Venus: | ||
+ | | Erde: | $+0\overset{\circ}{.}00$ | ||
+ | | Mars: | $+317\overset{\circ}{.}68143$ | ||
+ | | Jupiter: | ||
+ | | Saturn: | ||
+ | | Uranus: | ||
+ | | Neptun: | ||
+ | |||
+ | mit $\color{# | ||
+ | |||
+ | Die Rotationselemente $\alpha_0$ und $\delta_0$ bezeichnen die erdäquatoriale Lage der Rotationsachsen der Planeten. Es folgt die Tabelle mit den Nullmeridianen $W$: | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{tablelayout? | ||
+ | ^ Tabelle 4: Nullmeridiane | ||
+ | ^ Planet | ||
+ | | Sonne: | | $+84\overset{\circ}{.}182$ | $+14\overset{\circ}{.}1844$ | $+1\overset{\circ}{.}222$ | | ||
+ | | Merkur: | | $+329\overset{\circ}{.}68$ | $+6\overset{\circ}{.}1385025$ | $+1\overset{\circ}{.}145$ | | ||
+ | | Venus: | | $+160\overset{\circ}{.}20$ | $-1\overset{\circ}{.}4813688$ | $+1\overset{\circ}{.}436$ | | ||
+ | | Erde: | | $+190\overset{\circ}{.}147$ | $+360\overset{\circ}{.}9856235$ | $+0\overset{\circ}{.}624$ | | ||
+ | | Mars: | | $+176\overset{\circ}{.}630$ | $+350\overset{\circ}{.}89198226$ | $+0\overset{\circ}{.}620$ | | ||
+ | | Jupiter: | System I: | $+67\overset{\circ}{.}10$ | $+877\overset{\circ}{.}9$ | $+1\overset{\circ}{.}291$ | | ||
+ | | | System II: | $+43\overset{\circ}{.}30$ | $+870\overset{\circ}{.}27$ | $+1\overset{\circ}{.}291$ | | ||
+ | | | System III: | $+284\overset{\circ}{.}95$ | $+870\overset{\circ}{.}5366420$ | $+1\overset{\circ}{.}291$ | | ||
+ | | Saturn: | System I: | $+227\overset{\circ}{.}2037$ | $+844\overset{\circ}{.}3$ | $+3\overset{\circ}{.}470$ | | ||
+ | | | System II: | $+105\overset{\circ}{.}4857$ | $+812\overset{\circ}{.}0$ | $+3\overset{\circ}{.}470$ | | ||
+ | | | System III: | $+38\overset{\circ}{.}90$ | $+810\overset{\circ}{.}7939024$ | $+3\overset{\circ}{.}470$ | | ||
+ | | Uranus: | | $+203\overset{\circ}{.}81$ | $-501\overset{\circ}{.}1600928$ | $+0\overset{\circ}{.}564$ | | ||
+ | | Neptun: | | $+253\overset{\circ}{.}18$ | $+536\overset{\circ}{.}3128492$ | $+0\overset{\circ}{.}662$ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Gültigkeit nach 2009: ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Laut [[: | ||
+ | {{tablelayout? | ||
+ | ^ Tabelle 5: Rotationselemente und Nullmeridiane in der Übersicht | ||
+ | ^ Planet | ||
+ | | Sonne: | ||
+ | | | $\delta_0 =$ | $+63\overset{\circ}{.}87$ | ||
+ | | (2009) | ||
+ | | (2015) | ||
+ | | Merkur: | ||
+ | | (2009) | ||
+ | | | $W =$ | $+329\overset{\circ}{.}5469$ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | Merkur: | ||
+ | | (2015) | ||
+ | | | $W =$ | $+329\overset{\circ}{.}5988$ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | Venus: | ||
+ | | | $\delta_0 =$ | $+67\overset{\circ}{.}16$ | ||
+ | | | $W =$ | $+160\overset{\circ}{.}20$ | ||
+ | | Erde: | $\alpha_0 =$ | $+0\overset{\circ}{.}00$ | ||
+ | | | $\delta_0$ = | $+90\overset{\circ}{.}00$ | ||
+ | | | $W =$ | $+190\overset{\circ}{.}147$ | ||
+ | | Mars: | $\alpha_0 =$ | $+317\overset{\circ}{.}68143$ | ||
+ | | (2009) | ||
+ | | | $W =$ | $+176\overset{\circ}{.}630$ | ||
+ | | Mars: | $\alpha_0 =$ | $+317\overset{\circ}{.}269202$ | ||
+ | | (2015) | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | $\delta_0 =$ | $+54\overset{\circ}{.}432516$ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | $W =$ | $+176\overset{\circ}{.}049863$ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | Jupiter: | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | $\delta_0 =$ | $+64\overset{\circ}{.}495303$ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | $W =$ | $+284\overset{\circ}{.}95$ | ||
+ | | Saturn: | ||
+ | | (2015) | ||
+ | | | $W =$ | $+38\overset{\circ}{.}90$ | ||
+ | | Saturn: | ||
+ | | (2022) | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | $\delta_0 =$ | $+83\overset{\circ}{.}534351$ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | $W =$ | $+38\overset{\circ}{.}814623$ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | Uranus: | ||
+ | | (2009) | ||
+ | | | $W =$ | $+203\overset{\circ}{.}81$ | ||
+ | | Uranus: | ||
+ | | (2014) | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | $\delta_0 =$ | $-15\overset{\circ}{.}172395$ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | Neptun: | ||
+ | | (2015) | ||
+ | | | $W =$ | $+253\overset{\circ}{.}18$ | ||
+ | | Neptun: | ||
+ | | (2009) | ||
+ | | | $\delta_0 =$ | $+43\overset{\circ}{.}443282$ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Die Nullmeridiane Jupiters und Saturns beziehen sich auf des System III. Die Hilfswerte für die Planeten Merkur ($M_i$), Mars ($P_i$), Jupiter ($J_i$), Saturn ($S_i$), Uranus ($U_i$) und Neptun ($N_i$) lauten: | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{tablelayout? | ||
+ | ^ Tabelle 6: Störungsterme | ||
+ | ^ Mars: ^ ^ Mars: ^ ^ | ||
+ | | $P_1=$ | $198\overset{\circ}{.}991226 + 19139\overset{\circ}{.}4819985 \cdot T$ | $P_9=$ | $79\overset{\circ}{.}476401 + 76560\overset{\circ}{.}6495004 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $P_2=$ | $226\overset{\circ}{.}292679 + 38280\overset{\circ}{.}8511281 \cdot T$ | $P_{10}=$ | $166\overset{\circ}{.}325722 + 0\overset{\circ}{.}5042615 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $P_3=$ | $249\overset{\circ}{.}663391 + 57420\overset{\circ}{.}7251593 \cdot T$ | $P_{11}=$ | $129\overset{\circ}{.}071773 + 19140\overset{\circ}{.}0328244 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $P_4=$ | $266\overset{\circ}{.}183510 + 76560\overset{\circ}{.}6367950 \cdot T$ | $P_{12}=$ | $36\overset{\circ}{.}352167 + 38281\overset{\circ}{.}0473591 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $P_5=$ | $79\overset{\circ}{.}398797 + 0\overset{\circ}{.}5042615 \cdot T$ | $P_{13}=$ | $56\overset{\circ}{.}668646 + 57420\overset{\circ}{.}9295360 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $P_6=$ | $122\overset{\circ}{.}433576 + 19139\overset{\circ}{.}9407476 \cdot T$ | $P_{14}=$ | $67\overset{\circ}{.}364003 + 76560\overset{\circ}{.}2552215 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $P_7=$ | $43\overset{\circ}{.}058401 + 38280\overset{\circ}{.}8753272 \ T$ | $P_{15}=$ | $104\overset{\circ}{.}792680 + 95700\overset{\circ}{.}4387578 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $P_8=$ | $57\overset{\circ}{.}663379 + 57420\overset{\circ}{.}7517205 \ T$ | $P_{16}=$ | $95\overset{\circ}{.}391654 + 0\overset{\circ}{.}5042615 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | ^ Merkur: | ||
+ | | $M_1=$ | $174\overset{\circ}{.}7910857 + 4\overset{\circ}{.}092335 \cdot d$ | $J_1=$ | $99\overset{\circ}{.}360714 + 4850\overset{\circ}{.}4046 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $M_2=$ | $349\overset{\circ}{.}5821714 + 8\overset{\circ}{.}184670 \cdot d$ | $J_2=$ | $175\overset{\circ}{.}895369 + 1191\overset{\circ}{.}9605 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $M_3=$ | $164\overset{\circ}{.}3732571 + 12\overset{\circ}{.}277005 \cdot d$ | $J_3=$ | $300\overset{\circ}{.}323162 + 262\overset{\circ}{.}5475 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $M_4=$ | $339\overset{\circ}{.}1643429 + 16\overset{\circ}{.}369340 \cdot d$ | $J_4=$ | $114\overset{\circ}{.}012305 + 6070\overset{\circ}{.}2476 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $M_5=$ | $153\overset{\circ}{.}9554286 + 20\overset{\circ}{.}461675 \cdot d$ | $J_5=$ | $49\overset{\circ}{.}511251 + 64\overset{\circ}{.}3000 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | ^ Saturn: | ||
+ | | $S_1=$ | $335\overset{\circ}{.}808773 + 51\overset{\circ}{.}9103094 \cdot T$ | $S_6=$ | $159\overset{\circ}{.}835383 + 2445\overset{\circ}{.}2110530 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $S_2=$ | $348\overset{\circ}{.}007386 + 94\overset{\circ}{.}9443923 \cdot T$ | $S_7=$ | $249\overset{\circ}{.}835383 + 2445\overset{\circ}{.}2110530 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $S_3=$ | $9\overset{\circ}{.}358404 + 1004\overset{\circ}{.}8552318 \cdot T$ | $S_8=$ | $117\overset{\circ}{.}222690 + 3667\overset{\circ}{.}7456916 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $S_4=$ | $129\overset{\circ}{.}758867 + 1222\overset{\circ}{.}9801079 \cdot T$ | $S_9=$ | $280\overset{\circ}{.}168047 + 7226\overset{\circ}{.}4296474 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $S_5=$ | $219\overset{\circ}{.}758867 + 1222\overset{\circ}{.}9801079 \cdot T$ | $S_{10}=$ | $7\overset{\circ}{.}050371 + 36506\overset{\circ}{.}7196194 \cdot T$ | ||
+ | ^ Uranus: | ||
+ | | $U_1=$ | $328\overset{\circ}{.}616724 + 26\overset{\circ}{.}9601 \cdot T$ | $K=$ | $137\overset{\circ}{.}359959$ | | ||
+ | | $U_2=$ | $259\overset{\circ}{.}275089 + 2024\overset{\circ}{.}7285 \cdot T$ | $N_1=$ | $357\overset{\circ}{.}85 + 52\overset{\circ}{.}316 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $U_3=$ | $102\overset{\circ}{.}827444 + 182\overset{\circ}{.}8030 \cdot T$ | $N_2=$ | $357\overset{\circ}{.}598765 + 52\overset{\circ}{.}383622 \cdot T$ | | ||
+ | | $U_4=$ | $185\overset{\circ}{.}361668 + 276\overset{\circ}{.}4108 \cdot T$ | | | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Hinweise ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
+ | * Die Nullmeridiane für Jupiter und Saturn in der Tabelle stammen von G. Taylor. | ||
+ | * [[: | ||
+ | \[\begin{align} | ||
+ | \text{System I: } W &= 58\overset{\circ}{.}04 + 877\overset{\circ}{.}8169088 d \\ | ||
+ | \text{System II: } W &= 34\overset{\circ}{.}82 + 870\overset{\circ}{.}1869088 d \\ | ||
+ | \text{System III: } W &= 275\overset{\circ}{.}91 + 870\overset{\circ}{.}4529088 d | ||
+ | \end{align}\] | ||
+ | * Das System III von Jupiter wird von J. Meeus in keinem seiner drei Bücher erwähnt. Diese Werte lieferte K.H. Bücke in einer Privatmail. | ||
+ | * [[: | ||
+ | \[\begin{align} | ||
+ | \text{System I: } W &= 315\overset{\circ}{.}82 + 844\overset{\circ}{.}2999153 d \\ | ||
+ | \text{System II: } W &= 192\overset{\circ}{.}82 + 811\overset{\circ}{.}9999153 d \\ | ||
+ | \text{System III: } W &= 126\overset{\circ}{.}82 + 810\overset{\circ}{.}7938177 d | ||
+ | \end{align}\] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * K.H. Bückes Angaben werden in den ,, | ||
+ | * Die Systeme I und II von Saturn werden nur noch von der [[https:// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Helligkeiten ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nochmal die Helligkeitsausdrücke zum Vergleich: | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{tablelayout? | ||
+ | ^ Tabelle 7: Helligkeiten ab 2012 || | ||
+ | ^ Planet | ||
+ | | Merkur: | ||
+ | | Venus: | ||
+ | | Erde: | ||
+ | | Mars: | ||
+ | | Jupiter: | ||
+ | | Saturn: | ||
+ | | Uranus: | ||
+ | | Neptun: | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{tablelayout? | ||
+ | ^ Tabelle 8 || | ||
+ | ^ Ältere Gleichungen (von 1992 bis 2012) || | ||
+ | | Merkur: | $m_0 = -0\overset{m}{.}42 +3\overset{m}{.}80 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right) -2\overset{m}{.}73 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)^2 +2\overset{m}{.}00 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)^3$ | | ||
+ | | Venus: | $m_0 = -4\overset{m}{.}40 +0\overset{m}{.}09 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right) +2\overset{m}{.}39 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)^2 -0\overset{m}{.}65 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)^3$ | | ||
+ | ^ Jüngere Gleichungen (nach 2012) || | ||
+ | | Merkur: | $m_0 = -0\overset{m}{.}60 -4\overset{m}{.}98 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right) -4\overset{m}{.}88 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)^2 +3\overset{m}{.}02 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)^3$ | | ||
+ | | Venus 1: | $m_0 = -4\overset{m}{.}47 -1\overset{m}{.}03 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right) +0\overset{m}{.}57 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)^2 +0\overset{m}{.}13 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)^3$ | | ||
+ | | Venus 2: | $m_0 = +0\overset{m}{.}18 -1\overset{m}{.}02 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)$ | | ||
+ | ^ Gleichungen (1992 bis 2012) || | ||
+ | | Erde: | $m_0 = -3\overset{m}{.}87 +1\overset{m}{.}30 \left(\frac{\eta}{100^{\circ}}\right) +0\overset{m}{.}19 \left(\frac{\eta}{100^{\circ}}\right)^2 +0\overset{m}{.}48 \left(\frac{\eta}{100^{\circ}}\right)^3$ | | ||
+ | | Mars: | $m_0 = -1\overset{m}{.}52 +1\overset{m}{.}60 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)$ | | ||
+ | | Jupiter: | $m_0 = -9\overset{m}{.}40 +0\overset{m}{.}50 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)$ | | ||
+ | | Saturn: | $m_0 = -8\overset{m}{.}88 +4\overset{m}{.}40 \left(\frac{|\Delta A|}{100^{\circ}}\right) -2\overset{m}{.}60 \sin\left(|\color{# | ||
+ | | Uranus: | $m_0 = -7\overset{m}{.}19 +0\overset{m}{.}28 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)$ | | ||
+ | | Neptun: | $m_0 = -6\overset{m}{.}87 +0\overset{m}{.}54 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)$ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Venus 1: $2\overset{\circ}{.}2 \leq \varphi \leq 163\overset{\circ}{.}6$ \\ | ||
+ | Venus 2: $163\overset{\circ}{.}6 \leq \varphi \leq 170\overset{\circ}{.}2$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aufgrund der schwierigen Photometrie bei kleinen Phasenwinkeln gibt es unterschiedliche Darstellungen für $m_0$. Die obigen Gleichungen stammen aus [[: | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{tablelayout? | ||
+ | ^ Tabelle 9: Gleichungen von 1966 bis 1992 || | ||
+ | | Merkur: | $m_0 = -0\overset{m}{.}00325 +1\overset{m}{.}815 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right) -1\overset{m}{.}023 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)^2$ | | ||
+ | | Venus: | $m_0 = -4\overset{m}{.}00 +1\overset{m}{.}322 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right) +0\overset{m}{.}4247 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)^3$ | | ||
+ | | Mars: | $m_0 = -1\overset{m}{.}30 +1\overset{m}{.}486 \left(\frac{\varphi}{100^{\circ}}\right)$ | | ||
+ | | Jupiter: | $m_0 = -8\overset{m}{.}93$ | | ||
+ | | Saturn: | $m_0 = -8\overset{m}{.}68 + 4\overset{m}{.}40 \left(\frac{|\Delta A|}{100^{\circ}}\right) -2\overset{m}{.}60 \sin\left(|\color{# | ||
+ | | Uranus: | $m_0 = -6\overset{m}{.}85$ | | ||
+ | | Neptun: | $m_0 = -7\overset{m}{.}05$ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aus dem Abschnitt über die [[: | ||
+ | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
+ | $\color{# | ||
+ | </ | ||